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The Przytyk pogrom occurred against the Jewish community in Przytyk, Radom County, Kielce Voivodeship, in central Poland on March 9, 1936. In the opinion of Jewish historian Emanuel Melzer of Tel Aviv University, it was the most notorious incident of antisemitic violence in Poland in the interwar period, and attracted worldwide attention.〔 As Melzer claims, it was one of the series of pogroms that occurred in Poland during the years immediately before the outbreak of World War II.〔 Polish historian Piotr Gontarczyk, who dedicated four years for researching the incident, claims that it was not a pogrom, as there was no organized or spontaneous attack on the Jewish population of Przytyk. Gontarczyk in his book "Pogrom? Zajścia polsko-żydowskie w Przytyku 9 III 1936" ("Pogrom? Polish-Jewish riots in Przytyk 9 III 1936", published in 2000) writes that Polish peasants attacked Jews only after a Jewish group had attacked Poles, killing a peasant Stanisław Wieśniak.〔(POGROM, KTÓREGO NIE BYŁO by Tomasz Szczepański, Zakorzenienie, nr 4 (12) 2000 )〕 Professor Paweł Wieczorkiewicz of Warsaw University praised Gontarczyk's work, writing in 2008: "Gontarczyk, using available sources, has disproved the notion which is prevalent in historiography, about the riot, which took place in Przytyk (the alleged pogrom of the local Jewish population)".〔(Wypędzanie szatana z historyków IPN, Paweł Wieczorkiewicz 23-06-2008 )〕 Another Polish historian, Marek Jan Chodakiewicz, writes that the incident began when a Jewish resident Szulim Chil Leska shot in the back and killed Stanisław Wieśniak, who was an accidental passer-by. This provoked anger among Polish peasants, who attacked Jews.〔(Jan Marek Chodakiewicz, Konflikt Przytycki - mały epizod, który nam wiele mówi 03.04.2008 )〕 == Background == David Vital, a historian of Tel Aviv University, writes that local peasants were stirred with antisemitic propaganda of ''Endecja'' (National Democracy) politicians.〔 A boycott of Jewish shops was organized, and escalated into a wave of violent attacks on Jewish shops, which resulted in the creation of a Jewish self-defense group. Piotr Gontarczyk however argues that the target of the Polish Endecja campaign was to improve the standard of living of Poles, and to support Polish businesses. An economic conflict between Poles and Jews began, in which both sides used all means possible, including violence.〔Piotr Gontarczyk: Pogrom? Zajścia polsko-żydowskie w Przytyku 9 marca 1936 r. Mity, fakty, dokumenty. Pruszków: Rachocki i S-ka, 2000. ISBN 83-909046-4-0, pages 28 - 36〕 At the same time, the Second Polish Republic remained in an economic slump, and Polish peasants, whose profits had been drastically reduced, began to look for other means of supporting themselves. In mid-1935, Polish right-wing political activists in Radom County declared a general boycott of Jewish stores. Local Endecja sometimes resorted to violence, with activists urging Poles to stop buying at Jewish stores.〔Piotr Osęka. Z żyletkami na sztorc. „Polityka” weekly, 13 (2800), 2011.03.26〕 Peasants who broke the boycott were beaten; Jews offering their services in the surrounding villages were also physically attacked. 〔 The boycott itself turned out to be very popular among some Polish peasants, who supported the slogan of "Polonization of the trade". Poles began to open their own shops and stalls, while Jews began to lose their traditional sources of income, forced to face new competitors on the market. Jewish merchants used dumping, and as the court in Radom later established: "Jews, who were directly affected by the economic boycott, felt dislike, some of them even hatred, to the peasants, most of whom were supportive of the boycott".〔 In December 1935, a group of app. 20 young Jews created their own armed and illegal self-defence unit, headed by former officer of the Polish Army, Icek Frydman. Frydman organized military training for its members. The group was armed with illegally purchased guns, iron bars, and batons. Their task was to mobilize Jewish community in case of a violent conflict.〔Piotr Gontarczyk: Pogrom? Zajścia polsko-żydowskie w Przytyku 9 marca 1936 r. Mity, fakty, dokumenty. Pruszków: Rachocki i S-ka, 2000. ISBN 83-909046-4-0, page 58〕 In the interbellum period, an annual ''kazimierzowski'' fair took place at Przytyk. In 1936, some 2,000 peasants came to it, and since Polish Police officers were aware of the possible conflict, local department, which consisted of 5 officers, was strengthened by additional 11 officers, which later turned out to be an inadequate number. Furthermore, the police at Radom were on the alert, ready to intervene. Jewish merchants of Przytyk, a town with a 90% Jewish majority, hoped that the early spring fair would help to improve their financial situation, but the situation in the town was tense, which was described in an official report of the voivode of Kielce: "We have to emphasize the fact that the idea of an economic boycott of Jews, put forward by the National Democracy, was embraced by the local peasantry, which feels hatred towards the Jews (...) The boycott itself leads () merchants to despair, because economic basis of their existence is threatened".〔(Piotr Osęka. Z żyletkami na sztorc. Polityka weekly, 16 May 2011 )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Przytyk pogrom」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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